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The Prison Journal, Vol. 87, No. 2, 211-226 (2007)
DOI: 10.1177/0032885507303749

The PICTS Fear-of-Change Scale

Construct and Predictive Validity

Glenn D. Walters

Federal Correctional Institution, Schuylkill, PA, gwalters{at}bop.gov

Matthew D. Geyer

U.S. Penitentiary, Lee, VA

The construct validity of the Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles's Fear-of-Change scale (FOC) was evaluated by correlating it with scales from the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI). As expected, the FOC displayed a positive association with the PAI Anxiety (ANX) scale and negative associations with the PAI Positive Impression Management and Treatment Rejection scales among 136 male inmates. The FOC also forged a stronger relationship with the ANX's Cognitive subscale than with the Affective or Physiological subscales. It was further surmised that a subgroup of 54 participants retested after 3 months of program participation witnessed significant FOC gains. An independent sample of 239 medium-security male inmates participated in a second study in which significant FOC accretions were found in offenders who discontinued programming but not in offenders who continued or graduated. A third study conducted on 46 nonprogram participants effectively ruled out the alternative hypothesis that FOC scores rise in nonprogram offenders.

Key Words: PICTS • Fear-of-Change scale • construct validity • predictive validity


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